Production of pressed articles having a pattern extending right through them from materials in powder form



ug. 15..1939 H. sKoLAUDE 2,169,665

PRODUCTION OF PRESSED ARTICLES HAVING A PATTERN EXTENDING THEM FROM MATERIALS IN POWDER FORM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 d flli RIGHT THROUGH Filed Aug. 31, 1957 @iff/lili, g t

Aug. 15. 1939 H. sKoLAuDE' 2,169,665

PRODUCTION OF PRESSED ARTICLES HAVING'A PATTERN EXTENDING RIGHT THROUGH THEM FROM MATERIALS IN POWDER FORM Filed Aug. 311957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 8 Ila.. ullmM//llw Ml, M A A .Il R ///Y\\.\\\\ WV \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\`r ..I \7/////////r/////// 1 M 5 2 7 F. 6. 7 8

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l powder substances which become plastic when very slight height.

Patented Aug, is, rese lgt PRODUCTION 0F PRESSED ARTICLES HAV- ING A PATTERN EXTENDING RIGHT THROUGH THEM FROM MATERIALS m' POWDER FRMy Heinrich Skclaude, Gross- Schonau,

'. Czechoslovakia Application August 31, 1937, Serial No. 161,860 In Czechoslovakia `'uly 2&5, 1936 9 Claims. (Cl. 18-5) 'Ihe present invention relates to a method of ness ofthe layer, owing to the slope which forms and an apparatus for producing pressed articles, at the strewed-on powder pattern; for, owing to such as buttonsbuckles, knife handle plates or the angle of slope, this ,strewed-on layer becomes the like, havingapattern extending right through much broader at the base surface than at the them, hereinafter referred to as the permeating top surface. Secondly, a strewed-on layer of 5 pattern, from substances in the form of powder, such thickness was impossible if only for the such as horn meal, casein, blood, glass powder reason that the pilesof pigment produced in this 0r the like. y manner, Vmore particularly if it shouldbe finely It has already been proposed to make from grained, will already collapse when only of a l0 heated pressed articles with coloured patterns. The present invention relates to a method, ac- Originally a one-,colour blank was first pressed, cording to which pressed articles can be made which, after stencils had been placed on it, was with a pattern which really extends right through either sprayed with colour lacs or was strewed them. The invention is based on the general idea l5 in places with a pigment powder vof another to mould the dierently coloured powders re- 15 colour, whereupon the article was finish-pressed. vquired for the production of the patterned pressed Asthe pressed article thus produced bore the paty article individually in succession next to one antern only on its upper side, namely on the front, other and one within the other. The method it has been the practice, in order to give `the consists in thisthat, by means of profiled pistons zo' pressed article the appearance of having a peror sliding plungers or other tools proled with 20 meating pattern, to apply the same coloured the pattern spaces are formed in the material pattern on the back of the preliminarily pressed filling a mould corresponding to the shape of blank as Well in such a manner that the pattern the finished product, which spaces arefilled with on the back was in register with the pattern on material of another colour, .whereupon the filling 25 the front. Inprder better to produce the imwith the 'pattern permeating it is subjected to a 25 I pression of a pattern extending right through finish-pressing operation. According tothe inthe pressed article, the pattern was produced vention the `method may for instance be such once or several times in the interior of the that a mould is used, in the bottom of Awhich pressed article as well. For doing this, the pressed profiled pistons are arranged, which are pushed 80 article was built up in layers, each layer' being in such a manner into the interior of the mould 30 patterned with the aid of a stencil orvpigment or that their end wall reaches at least up to the level a pulverulent material of a different colour and of the filling, whilst their Walls which are guided the individual layers were superposed in such al by cut-away places in the bottom are so high manner that the pattern of the bottom layer that, on being displaced, they will not leave the registered exactly with the pattern on the other cut-away places in the bottom. JThe remainder 35` upper layers'. The whole was then pressed toof the space in the mouldx is next filled with magether.. Whilst it waspossiblein this way to terial in powder form. Thereupon' the pistons, obtain a better depth effect and thus "more, by being moved downwards, are gradually pushed strongly to produce the 'impression of a pattern out of the mould and, tothe extent to which 40 extending throughout the pressed article, than they are pushed out, the space thus freed is lled ..40V

was the case with the earlierl methods referred to, with material of another colour. `In the case of an actual permeating pattern which extends'from complicated and multi-coloured patterns, the inv one side of the pressed article right through to dvidual'pistons can be pushed in and out succes- Y the oppositeside of the pressed article could also sively. "I'he procedure may also be such,A that the not be obtained by this method as well, since the entire space in the mould is filled withl a ma- 45 vcontinuity of the pattern was broken by the in- -terial'in powder form, whereupon, by displacing tel'pvseddunpatterned layers. v one -or` more pronled pistons, a portion of the 'I'he simplest way of obtaining, in view of the material-is ejected and then removed. Thereuptransparent material, a permeatng pattern would on the pistons are lowered, whereby they make naturally have been toV strew on by means of ai free the space for lling with material of an- 50 nella single thick patterned layer and to fill other-colour. j out the interstices. This obvious idea. could how- The method according to the present invention ever not lead to the desired result for two reasons. may f or instance be carried out in the following Firstly, it is impossible in this way ,to continue manner: Y

ss the desired pattern throughouthe entirgtnick- 'a mould, the bottom of which lsformed rby one or more pistons profiled with the pattern, is completely iilled with a one-colour powdered material. A matrix is then placed on the mould, which is out out to the pattern, and thereupon by means of the bottom piston a portion of the filled material is forced or punched, upwards through the matrix: After the ejected material has been removed, the piston is lowered again, until its upper end surface is level oralmost.4 level with the moulded material. The thus freed cut-away part of the matrix, which must be held at a suitable height is thereupon lled to the necessary height with the material of another colour. The upper `end surface of the piston forms the support. The piston is thereupon further lowered, until it reaches its original bottom position. -This motion is followed by the material resting on the piston, which pushes itself or interposes itself next to or into the material firstv moulded. As the material which was first moulded reaches' to the bottom and as the material moulded in the second operation also pushes itself to the bottom, apressed article' which is completely permeated with the pattern is thus obtained after the finish-pressing operation.

By employing several pistons and matrices pressed articles may be obtained in' accordance with the invention, which have a simple or complicated' pattern which in every case extends right through them. The described operation need then only be repeated several times. The method according to the invention may also be carried out in various combinations. If it be desired for instancev to produce 'a pressed article with a target-like ring pattern, the most suitable procedure is first to mould the material which lies nearest to the periphery of the pressed article or the mould wall. Thus, a support is made at the outermost ring Aand the centre is moulded last. In order for instance to obtain a pressed article having .a fine dark or light veining, this Aveining will of course not vbe ejected out of the moulded mass by means of a fine piston. This would lead to difficulties, as it would not be easy to introduce the material into the iine slit. In this cas'e, the material lying' on one side of the vein to be formed will be first moulded, whereupon all the rest of the mould will be filled with the coloured material for the 'vein and finally so much of this material will finally be ejected that only the fine vein will remain. Thereupon the material which is to come next to the other side of the iine vein will be moulded.

The introduction, ejection and subsequent introduction ofthe vcoloured materials may also be effected under pressure, suitably profiled plungers being placed above the coloured material which is to be introduced or ejected. Differentl effects can also be obtained, if pressure be applied during the moulding of one part of the pattern, whilst another part is only poured in loosely. It is of advantage to make the matrices at least as highas the height of thel article to be moulded. In this way it will be unnecessary to measure oi! the quantities of powder to be introduced. Forl systematic working according to the invention the requisite matrices and plungers may also be arranged in a circle or next to one` another at accurateqdistances apart and the mould'may be, moved along beneath them in such a manner that in the pauses between the individual filling and ejecting operations it travels in the working rhythm from plunger to plunger or from matrice to matrice. Conversely the mould may be made stationary and the matrices and the plungers be brought to the mould in the working rhythm. Finally both the mould and the plungers and matrices may be moved with respect to one another and, in order to obtain a greater output, the mould may be made in the form of a plate and be provided with a considerable number of filling spaces, that is may be a multiple mould.

The pressed article whichhas been moulded and permeated with the pattern in the mould may either be preliminarily or finish-pressed in the mould itself or may be transferred to a second mould for finish-pressing An example of how the method according to the present invention may be carried out is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side view in section of an example of an apparatus for carryingv out the method,

Fig. 2 a plan view of this apparatus and Figs.'3 to 12 a diagrammatic representation of how a pressed articlev with a ring'pattern extending throughout is made by the method according to this invention."

The arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for carrying. out the method comprises an upper mould part A and a lower mould part B. The upper mould part Ais fixed on the slide rail I, in which the lower mould part B fits and can be slid in the longitudinal direction of the slide rail and lifted from the latter. In the upper part A of the mould the matrix 2 and the plunger 3 are mounted. The matrix 2 is xed to the prismatic guide 4, through which the plunger 3 is also taken. The prismatic guide 4 is provided with two slots 5 into which engages the pair of one-armed levers 6 which is connected with the crank arrangement 'I and through' the rotary motion of which the raising and lowering of the prismatic guide 4 and of the matrix 2 fixed thereto is effected. The plunger 3 is also provided with a slot 8, in which the one-armed lever 9 engages, which rests on the eccentric oi the crank shaft III and through the rotary motion of which the plunger 3 which is 'acted on by a spring 25 can descend or be raised. For turningthe Acrank arrangement 1 the handle II is provided and for turning the crank shaft I0 the handle I2. The

rotary motion of the crank shaft Il and of the crank arrangement 1 maybe limited or fixed by stops not shown in the drawings. The plunger 3 is so guided and arranged that'its proled stamping extension fits exactly into. the interior of the matrix 2. The side walls I3 provide the bearings and guides for the whole mechanism.

The lower part B `of the mould consists of the base plate I4 and the pair of supports I5, on which the moulding plate I5 is ixed. The two supports I5 act as guides for the electing piston I1 and the pattern--making piston I8 which is taken through the latter. These two pistons which can be raised and lowered form together with their end surface the bottom of the mouldin'g space of the moulding plate IB. 'I'he ejecting piston I1 is connectedl in a pivotal'manner by pins Z, Z on either side with a cranked lever,

into slots in which levers the pins Z, Z' extend.

'I'hese cranked levers bear with their lever arms provided with rollers'against the eccentrics 20, so that through the rotary motion of, the latter the ejecting piston II can either descend or is raised. The raising and lowering of the patternproducing piston I8 is effected in the same manner, which piston is also pivotally connected on either side to a cranked lever2l. The cranked arms of these levers, which are provided 'with l5 rollers. rest against the eccentrics 22 through the rotary motion of which the pattern-making piston i8 is either raised or can descend. The lowering of the pistons is effected by compression or tension springs 26, 2l. For turning the eccentrlcs 2li a handleii and for turning the eccentrics 22 a handle 2d is provided. The position in each case and the rotary motion of the eccentrics 20 and 22 can be limited or fixed by stops `not shown in the drawing. Both the cranked levers I9, 2| and the 4two eccentric shafts are journalled in the supports i5. The ejecting piston I'I engages under the pattern-mamng piston i8 in such a manner that the latter is carried along positively,

c the depth of the filling spaces can be set in an when theejecting piston il is raised. Owing to this arrangement, all that is required for instance for ejecting the patterned filling is to turn the eccentric 2d. According to the constructional example shown the two pistons I?, i3 are also so constructed that, when in the bottom. position, theyrest 'on one another and on the base plate lli. For the same purpose adjustable stops, for instance adjustable screws with counter-nuts, may be provided on the base plate it, -by means of which the lowest position of the piston and adjustable manner.

i The productionof a pressed article with a permeating ring pattern can be carried out as shown diagrammatlcally in Figs. 3 to 12 with the aid of the described arrangement in the following manner: v

First of all the moulding space of the moulding plate i6 is fllled,'as shown' in Fig. 3 with'black powder. Thereupon the lower part B of the mould is brought with this llling exactly under the matrix of the upper part A of'the mould. The exact position mayalso be limited or iixed by a stop or indicated by a mark. The matrix 2 is then lowered on tothe moulding plate i6 so as to close the mould, shown in Fig. 4, by turning the crank arrangement 1. Thereupon, as shown in Fig. 5, the pattern-making piston IB is raised and by this means that part of the black lling, which is to be replaced by another colour, 'is ejected through the matrix 2. The raising of the pattern-making piston It is effected, as already explained, by turning the eccentric 22. `The ejected black powder is then removed and the pattern-making piston yI8 lowered, as shown in Fig. 6, to such an extent that it nearly reaches the filling already introduced into the mould space. Into the space of the matrix 2, thus freed,

' a powder of a dierent colour is introduced,

which is indicated in the drawings by horizontal hatching; 0n to this iilling, as shown in Fig. 7, the plunger 3 is lowered, through the pressure of which the filling is at rst for which reason a suitably thicker layer o f this filling must be introduced. The pattern-making piston I8 is thereupon lowered and to the-same extent as this piston is follow, owing to the spring or weight pressure acting on it, this filling of other coloured material into the black powder, until the bottom position is reached, as shown in Fig. 8. In this position the plunger 3 will rest on the matrix and can therefore-no longer act on. the filling. After this operation the matrix 2 is raised and the plunger 3 is returned into the initial position, as shown in Fig. 9, by turning the crank shafts 1 and I I), and the actual pattern-making operation is complete. l 9

The lower part B of the mould with the patterned filling can then be brought under a"press slightly compressed,`

lowered the plunger 3 will 'and the press plunger C of the same, as shown in Fig.' 10, and the filling can eitherbe immediately finish-pressed or be cold-pressed only to such an extent that it will not break up when ejected from the moulding plate I6. Itwill be of advantage toA 'arrange this pressing arrangement on the same sliderail I next to the upper part A ofthe mould, for then it will only be necessary to slide the lower part B of the mould with the patterned filling along on the slide rail I, until it comes under the pressing arrangement.

Ihe procedure may however also be such that over the moulding plate I6 a special press plate D is placed, as shown in Fig.- 11, into the pressing space of which the patterned filling can be pushed by raising the two pistons I'I, I8. 'I'hereupon the press plate D along with the lower part B of the mould is turned over as indicated by the arrow, the lower part ofthe mould is lifted oif and the patterned article is finish-pressed in the press plate D. f

The procedure is similar when making complicated patterns requiring several profiled patternmaking pistons. In these cases there is placed in an inverted position on the moulding plate I6 a complete lower mould part E, in which is guided the differently patterned pattern-making piston El, as shown in Fi 12. Thereupon the patterned filling of th lower part B of the mould is 1 ing thus transferred into the mould part E can be provided in the manner already described with a second permeating pattern of different design. In the case of complicated patterns the same process need only be repeated as often as is required by the particular patterns. The upper parts of the moulds, the press plungers, matrices and the like can also be arranged in a circle and thelower parts of. the mould be brought to them along the arc of a circle, as already described. Finally, the motion of the eccentrics and crank shafts, which perform the raising and lowering of the pistons, matrices and plungers, may also be effected automatically by power drive, by means of transmission members known per se, for instance toothed wheels, cam discs or the like.

What I claim is: y

1'. A method of producing, in a mould, pressed articles having a pattern extending completely through them from materials in powder form consisting in filling the mould with moulding material, forcing a plunger profiled Withthe pattern right through the mold upwardly from below, so as to remove a part of the material from`said mould to form a space in the material of selected contour, lling said space with moulding material'of a different color and subjecting the materials thus moulded to a flnishepressing process.

2. An apparatus' of the character described comprising a member having a moulding space therein adapted to beinitially filled with moulding material, a profiled piston movable through said space for displacing a part of the moulding material and forminga space in the latter, a

comprising a member having a moulding space therein adapted to be initially lled withmoulding material, a profiled piston movable through said space for displacing a part of the moulding material and forming a space in the latter, a

matrix movable-against said member and having an opening of the same profile as said piston for 'receiving additional material, and a piston mov-V able independently of the matrix for inserting the additional material'in the space formed'in the iirst mentioned material after the withdrawal of the first mentioned piston therefrom, and

means for ejecting the material from said mould- 6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized by the provision of means for guiding the movement of said matrix, and means supporting said member f or movement angula'rly with respect to the direction of movement of said matrix.

'1. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the second mentioned piston is movably guided by said matrix.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized by the provision of swinging levers coacting with said matrix and pistons for imparting movement thereto. p

9. An' apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized by the provision of "a member cooperating with the proled piston at times to form the bottom of the moulding space, the profiled piston being movable independently of the last mentioned member in the operation of displacing a part of the moulding material, and means connecting the last mentioned member with said profiled piston for imparting movement to the latter when the last mentioned member is actuated.

' HEINRICH SKOLAUDE. 

